Sports Injuries of the Knee & Shoulder – Diagnosis, Treatment, Return to Sports
Sports injuries of the knee (anterior cruciate ligament tear, meniscus tear, cartilage damage) and shoulder (dislocation, tendon tear, SLAP lesion, instability) are treated by an orthopaedic surgeon specialising in arthroscopic and sports medicine surgery. The aim is accurate diagnosis, minimally invasive repair and a safe, rapid return to sports.
The Most Common Sports Injuries of the Knee
- Anterior cruciate ligament tear: caused by sudden twisting movements, changes of direction or awkward landings – common in football, basketball and skiing.
- Meniscus tear: causes pain, locking and swelling – it often occurs together with an anterior cruciate ligament injury.
- Articular cartilage injuries: caused by impact or chronic overuse, resulting in pain and impaired function.
The Most Common Sports Injuries of the Shoulder
- Shoulder dislocation and instability: following a fall or forceful movement, with a risk of recurrence.
- Rotator cuff tear: caused by an acute injury or repetitive microtrauma in throwing sports.
- SLAP lesion: a tear of the superior labrum of the joint, common in athletes who perform repetitive overhead movements.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and clinical examination by a specialised orthopaedic surgeon. It is confirmed with X-rays and, where necessary, magnetic resonance imaging, which shows the exact location and extent of the injury, as well as any associated injuries. Musculoskeletal ultrasound allows immediate assessment of the tendons in the clinic.
Treatment: Conservative or Arthroscopic?
Many injuries are treated conservatively with targeted physiotherapy, activity modification and – where indicated – orthobiological treatments (PRP, hyaluronic acid). When there is instability, mechanical symptoms (locking) or a tear that does not respond to conservative treatment, arthroscopic treatment is preferred: small incisions, less pain and faster recovery.
Return to Sports
Return to sport takes place gradually and according to specific criteria, not solely based on time. After meniscus arthroscopy, return is relatively quick, while after cruciate ligament reconstruction or shoulder tendon repair, several months of structured rehabilitation are usually required. A safe return is based on objective strength and stability tests.
Why Choose a Specialised Orthopaedic Surgeon?
Dr Andreas Leonidou specialises in arthroscopic and reconstructive surgery of the shoulder and knee, as well as sports injuries, using minimally invasive techniques that facilitate a rapid return to sports. View his CV.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Every Sports Injury Require Surgery?
No. Many injuries are treated conservatively with physiotherapy and activity modification. Surgery is selected when there is instability, mechanical symptoms or a tear that does not respond to conservative treatment.
When Should I See an Orthopaedic Surgeon After a Sports Injury?
Immediately, if there is severe swelling, inability to bear weight, locking or a feeling of instability in the knee/shoulder, or if the pain persists despite rest. Early assessment helps prevent secondary damage.
How Quickly Can I Return to Sports?
It depends on the injury: after meniscus arthroscopy, return is relatively quick, while after cruciate ligament or shoulder tendon reconstruction, several months are usually required. Return is based on objective criteria, not only on time.
Do Orthobiological Treatments (PRP) Help with Sports Injuries?
Yes, in selected tendinopathies and mild cartilage injuries, PRP may reduce inflammation and support healing as a conservative or complementary treatment option. It does not replace surgery when surgery is indicated.
Do You Have a Sports Injury of the Knee or Shoulder?
Book an assessment with Dr Andreas Leonidou at Athens Medical Center.
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